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In line with preclinical research, we find that ghrelin increases reward responses across studies in key nodes of the motivational circuit, such as the nucleus accumbens, pallidum, putamen, substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and the dorsal mid insula
Why Weight-Loss Drugs Tinker With Reward Circuits Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists mimic a gut hormone that slows gastric emptying and tells the brain youre full. But the same receptors pepper the mesolimbic pathwaythe dopamine-rich circuit that makes whisky, cigarettes, and slot machines feel rewarding
When cells are subjected to oxidative stress, large amounts of ROS and lipid peroxides are produced, and the antioxidant system is damaged